Vaginal dryness: causes, remedies and when to get help

In this article

1. Common causes
2. Remedies that help
3. When to see a doctor
4. The emotional side

Vaginal dryness is one of the most common, and least discussed, reasons sex becomes uncomfortable. Many women silently assume it means they don’t desire their partner, or that something is wrong with them. Usually, neither is true.

Common causes

• Not enough arousal time. Lubrication follows arousal, which often needs longer than people expect.
• Breastfeeding and postpartum hormone changes, which lower oestrogen.
• Perimenopause and menopause.
• Hormonal contraception in some women.
• Medicines such as antihistamines, some antidepressants and certain cancer treatments.
• Stress, anxiety and relationship tension.
• Soaps, douches, scented washes and wipes, which irritate delicate tissue.
• Conditions like diabetes or autoimmune disorders.

Remedies that help

• Slow down. More foreplay and time for arousal.
• Use a lubricant during sex; water-based or silicone-based are good choices.
• Try a vaginal moisturiser a few times a week if dryness is present outside sex.
• Wash with plain water and avoid perfumed products.
• Stay hydrated and review medicines with your doctor.
• Discuss hormonal options with a gynaecologist if dryness is linked to menopause or postpartum.

When to see a doctor

See a gynaecologist if dryness is persistent, or if you notice pain, burning, itching, unusual discharge, bleeding after sex or urinary symptoms. These may point to infections or skin conditions that need treatment.

The emotional side

Dryness that leads to painful sex can make you dread intimacy, which lowers desire and arousal further. A sexologist can help you and your partner break that cycle, reduce pressure and rebuild comfort.

Frequently asked questions

This article is for general education and is not a substitute for personal medical advice. If you have sudden symptoms, pain, bleeding or thoughts of self-harm, please contact a doctor or local emergency services.