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STI symptoms, testing and prevention: what every adult should know

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Quick answer

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) pass between partners during sexual contact. Some cause symptoms such as unusual discharge, sores, itching, burning when passing urine or pelvic pain, but many cause none. Get tested if you have symptoms, a new partner or a partner with an infection. Condoms, testing and open communication reduce the risk. Always see a doctor for diagnosis and treatment.

Key takeaways
  • Many STIs have no symptoms; testing is the only way to know.
  • See a doctor for any unusual discharge, sores, pain or burning.
  • Condoms and regular testing reduce risk.
  • Most STIs are treatable when found early.
In this article
  1. Common signs to watch for
  2. Why testing matters
  3. Reducing your risk
  4. The emotional side
  5. Myths and facts
  6. Get support

STIs are common and nothing to be ashamed of. Knowing the signs, and that many have none, protects you and your partner.

Common signs to watch for

  • Unusual discharge from the vagina or penis
  • Sores, blisters or warts in the genital area
  • Itching, burning or pain when passing urine
  • Pain during sex or pelvic pain
  • Unusual bleeding

Any of these deserve a prompt visit to a doctor.

Why testing matters

Many infections cause no symptoms but can still affect health and be passed on. Consider testing:

  • With a new partner
  • If a partner has an infection
  • If you have any symptoms
  • Before trying to conceive, as advised by your doctor

Reducing your risk

  1. Use condoms consistently.
  2. Get tested and encourage partners to as well.
  3. Talk openly about sexual health.
  4. See a doctor early if anything feels different.

See safe sex and contraception basics.

The emotional side

Worry, guilt or trust issues after an STI scare are common. Support can help you and your partner talk calmly. See trust issues in relationships.

Myths and facts

  • Myth: Only people with many partners get STIs. Fact: Anyone who is sexually active can.
  • Myth: If there are no symptoms, there is no infection. Fact: Many infections are silent.
  • Myth: STIs mean someone cheated. Fact: Some infections can be present for a long time without symptoms.

Get support

Medical diagnosis and treatment come from doctors. For anxiety, intimacy or relationship concerns, book a Discovery Call or take the free confidential assessment.

The bottom line

STIs are common and treatable. Know the signs, test when needed, use protection and talk openly, without shame.

Frequently asked questions

Yes. Many infections have no symptoms, which is why testing matters, especially with a new partner.

A doctor, gynaecologist, urologist or sexual health centre can test you confidentially.

Diagnosis and medical treatment are done by doctors. A sexologist helps with the anxiety, relationship and intimacy side, and will refer you for medical care.

Related servicesAdult sex education and sexual health counselling →

This article is for general education and is not a substitute for personal medical advice. If you have sudden symptoms, pain, bleeding or thoughts of self-harm, please contact a doctor or local emergency services.

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